Andrei Sakharov (1921-1989)
Political philosophy, democracy, peace, science and society.
Iury Lotman (1922-1993)
Structuralism, semiotics, philosophy of culture, language and art forms.
Merab Mamardashvili (1930-1990)
Phenomenology, philosophy of consciousness and cultural reflexivity.
Georgy Shchedrovitsky (1929-1994)
General methodology, philosophy of action, meditation, and organization.
Alexander Men' (1930-1990)
Religious philosophy, history of world religions and Christianity, spirit and ritual.
Lev Gumilev (1914-1992)
Philosophy of ethnicity, geography, biosphere, and historicity.
Vasily Nalimov (1910-1997)
Philosophy of probability and its biological, mathematical and linguistic manifestations; gnosticism and mysticism in sciences.
Andrei Sinyavsky (Abram Tertz) (1925-1997)
Philosophy of literature, aesthetics, creativity, paradox.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-)
Social and political philosophy and ethics.
Georgy Gachev (b. 1929)
Philosophy of national spirit, interaction between sciences and the humanities, unity of living and thinking.
Sergei Averintsev (b. 1937)
Philosophy and theology of culture, symbol, hermeneutics.
The Gallery of Russian Thinkers:
An Overview of Russian Thought
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